Actually....I'm illiterate. Sorry to dissapoint.
Here lies my book journal index...I want to encourage myself to read more books, so here it is. I'm still afraid to go to the library...
No Longer Human by Osamu Dazai // July 11th, 2,022
I find it difficult to understand the kind of human being who lives, or who is sure he can live, purely, happily, serenely while engaged in deceit.
Everything he said seemed exceedingly obvious, and undoubtedly true, but I felt sure that something more obscure, more frightening lurked in the hearts of human beings. Greed did not cover it, nor did vanity. Nor was it simply a combination of lust and greed. I wasn’t sure what it was, but I felt that there was something inexplicable at the bottom of human society which was not reducible to economics.
People talk of “social outcasts.” The words apparently denote the miserable losers of the world, the vicious ones, but I feel as though I have been a “social outcast” from the moment I was born. If ever I meet someone society has designated as an outcast, I invariably feel affection for him, an emotion which carries me away in melting tenderness.
She lay down beside me. Towards dawn she pronounced for the first time the word “death.” She too seemed to be weary beyond endurance of the task of being a human being; and when I reflected on my dread of the world and its bothersomeness, on money, the movement, women, my studies, it seemed impossible that I could go on living. I consented easily to her proposal.
We threw ourselves into the sea at Kamakura that night. She untied her sash, saying she had borrowed it from a friend at the café, and left it folded neatly on a rock. I removed my coat and put it in the same spot. We entered the water together. She died. I was saved.
I thought instead of the dead Tsuneko, and, longing for her, I wept. Of all the people I had ever known, that miserable Tsuneko really was the only one I loved.
It was rather that I had a strangulating fear of that cataclysmic change in the atmosphere the instant the flow of a conversation flagged, and even when I knew that it would later turn to my disadvantage, I frequently felt obliged to add, almost inadvertently, my word of embellishment, out of a desire to please born of my usual desperate mania for service.
At the time I relied entirely on gin and never took sleeping pills. Insomnia, however, was a chronic complaint with me, and I was familiar with most sleeping pills. The contents of this one box of Dial was unquestionably more than sufficient to cause death. The seal of the box was unbroken. I must have hidden it here at some time or other in the past when I felt I might need it, after first scratching off the label. The poor child could not read Western letters, and I must have thought it was enough if I just scratched off with my nails the part of the label in Japanese. (You have committed no sin.)
I suppose it would be no exaggeration to say that the world is composed entirely of unhappy people. But those people can fight their unhappiness with society fairly and squarely, and society for its part easily understands and sympathizes with such struggles. My unhappiness stemmed entirely from my own vices, and I had no way of fighting anybody.
“I want to die. I want to die more than ever before. There’s no chance now of a recovery. No matter what sort of thing I do, no matter what I do, it’s sure to be a failure, just a final coating applied to my shame. That dream of going on bicycles to see a waterfall framed in summer leaves—it was not for the likes of me. All that can happen now is that one foul, humiliating sin will be piled on another, and my sufferings will become only the more acute. I want to die. I must die. Living itself is the source of sin.
Now I have neither happiness nor unhappiness. Everything passes. That is the one and only thing I have thought resembled a truth in the society of human beings where I have dwelled up to now as in a burning hell. Everything passes.
A Personal Matter by Kenzaburo Oe // July 8th, 2,022
My son has bandages on his head and so did Apollinaire when he was wounded on the field of battle. On a dark and lonely battlefield I have never seen, my son was wounded like Apollinaire and now he is screaming soundlessly. …
But he had only to think to himself about the baby’s abnormality and a sense of extremely personal shame hotly rose into his throat. How could he discuss the misfortune with other people; it was inherent in himself! He had the feeling this would never be a problem he could share with the rest of mankind.
Bird broke the seal on the bottle with his fingernail and poured himself a drink. His arm was still shaking: the glass chattered at the bottle like an angry rat. Bird scowled thornily, a hermetic old man, and hurled the whisky down his throat. God, it burned! Coughing shook him and his eyes teared. But the arrow of red-hot pleasure pierced his belly instantly, and the shuddering stopped. Bird brought up a child’s belch redolent of wild strawberries, wiped his wet lips with the back of his hand, and filled his glass again, this time with a steady hand.
Every time you stand at a crossroads of life and death, you have two universes in front of you; one loses all relation to you because you die, the other maintains its relation to you because you survive in it. Just as you would take off your clothes, you abandon the universe in which you only exist as a corpse and move on to the universe in which you are still alive. In other words, various universes emerge around each of us the way tree limbs and leaves branch away from the trunk.
The voice flapped out of the nest of desire inside him: Butcher her and fuck the corpse!
But Himiko’s sides and the swell of her belly, almost hidden under the blanket, did not evoke nostalgia. There was a suggestion there of the fat which age was beginning to plant in her body. And that hint of flabbiness was a part of Himiko’s new life; it had nothing to do with Bird. The fatty roots beneath her skin would probably spread like fire and transform completely the shape of her body. Her breasts, too, would lose the little youth and freshness they retained.
Bird glanced into an oval mirror that was hanging on a pillar just inside the room and saw oil and sweat glistening from forehead to nose, lips parted with ragged breathing, clouded eyes that clearly were turned in upon themselves: it was the face of a pervert. Jolted by sudden disgust, Bird looked away quickly, but already his face had engraved its impression behind his eyes. A presentiment like a solemn promise grazed his flushed head: from now on I’ll suffer often from the memory of this face.
It’s the kind of thing I was talking about. I have this feeling there’s what you’d call another universe back in there. It’s dark, it’s infinite, it’s teeming with everything antihuman: a grotesque universe. And I’m afraid that if I entered it, I’d get trapped in the time system of another dimension and wouldn’t be able to return—my fear has certain resemblances to an astronaut’s fantastic acrophobia!
I’m trampling a woman now in the most ignominious way! I’m capable of all that’s meanest and most vile, I’m shame itself, the hot mass my  penis is rending now is really me, he raged, and was smitten by an orgasm of such intensity that it made his head swim.
One day Bird had approached his father with this question; he was six years old: Father, where was I a hundred years before I was born? Where will I be a hundred years after I’m dead? Father, what will happen to me when I die? Without a word, his young father had punched him in the mouth, broke two of his teeth and bloodied his face, and Bird forgot his fear of death.
“Have you forgotten that you drove the car into a pothole today rather than run over a dead sparrow? Is that what a person does just before he cuts a baby’s throat?”
The Music of Dolphins by Karen Hesse // July 2nd, 2, 022
Exodus Fourteen, Parting the Red Sea from Bible // Sun., March 14th, 2,021 Israelites conflict with the Egyptians when their views on freedom differ. Once the Israelites flee from their bondage, the Pharaoh immediately orders their recapture, lamenting the loss of their invaluable slave labor. Moses helps them escape from the wretched hands of the Egyptians, liberating them from their unjust capture. An army of six hundred chariots pursue them relentlessly, cornering them in their encampment. Unconditional loyalty breeds bravery in the face of adversity. Instilled with the terror of the cowering Israelites, Moses doubts himself and calls out to the Lord. Exasperatedly, the Lord commands him to march on with certainty; allow them to walk on through the waves. Blindly trusting in God’s words, Moses stretches his hand across the broad swathe of water, parting the sea for the group to cross safely. God and Moses work jointly to drown the Egyptians, extricating the Israelites from imminent death. Following the massacre, they learn to fear his divine wrath and place their trust completely in God and his prophets.
Merging with Nature (Into the Wild by John Krakauer // Mon., November 30th, 2,020

Merging with Nature

The maturation into young adulthood breeds in many the desire to carve out a niche for themselves. Many young men and women throw themself with reckless abandon into an unfamiliar, dangerous world in a feverish attempt to discover their inner workings. Chris McCandless is no different, but he faces it without fear. Stubborn and unwavering, he resolves to shed his old life and find himself anew. McCandless ventures into the wild to free himself from the stifling restraints of modern society, desperately seeking the liberation of his soul. Chris resents the materialistic and striated propensity of the world. In the wilderness, he can wholeheartedly reject the scourge of greed and poverty. This allows him to pursue an ascetic, fulfilling life. Following in the footsteps of Thoreau, he “arranged all his paper currency in a pile on the sand and put a match to it” (21) not long after fleeing, spitefully rejecting the worldly value that money holds. In general, he survives on very little, believing that “you should own nothing except what you can carry on your back at a dead run” (23). The needless suffering of others, like the local homeless population, enrages Chris. This leaves him bitter and unwilling to live in a society so cruel, feeling increasingly more uncomfortable within its stifling bonds. Despite being extraordinarily talented in multiple fields, he shows great disdain at the prospect of an affluent law career. A soul in conflict wishes to flee. Chris struggles immensely with his spirituality and role in life. He finds comfort and meaning within nature, initially escaping into it to “explore the inter country of his own soul” (124). Endless quarrels with his family and peers prove detrimental, especially with his parents. He regularly rants to his sister that their treatment of him is “so irrational, so oppressive, disrespectful and insulting that I finally passed my breaking point” (46). Romantic stories by authors such as London and Kerouac enamour him due to his emotional vulnerability. These greatly influence him and facilitate further cultivation of his desire for natural life. Yearning to escape his cruel reality, he idealizes the plight of living off the land. After an unfortunate incident that may have involved toxic potato seeds, his physical ability diminishes until the point he can sparsely walk. His body rots from the inside out and his brittle bones stretch taught against his sickly skin.. Despite this, Chris harbors no remorse or resentment, his acrimony disintegrating along with his body. On his agonizing last days on this earthly plane, Chris faces death with a cheerful smile and well-wishes for all, as he finally sets his soul free. After warring with his troubled mind all his life, Chris finally quiets the ravings of his mind through his connection with nature. He feels little melancholy or anguish in his demise. In the chilling last picture he takes, Chris’s smile stretches like cling-on film against his skeletal frame.
Genesis 37, Joseph's Dreams from Bible // Sun., October 18th, 2,020 Joseph conflicts with his brothers when Jacob favors him over them. This makes his brothers envious and spiteful. In their anger, they strip him of his fanciful robe and throw him into an empty water tank. Realizing the sin in killing their own kin, they decide to fish him out and sell him to traveling Ishmaelites. Greatness will sometimes be apparent from the beginning, but may not come to fruition immediately. Joseph has two dreams and in both he stands glaringly superior to others. In one dream the grain he harvests stands over his brothers’, and in another the moon and stars bow down to him. His father interprets these dreams as prophetic and this further fuels his confidence in Joseph. Jacob’s hopes seem to shatter with the false news of his death, plummeting him into grief so immense that nobody could console him. Despite these setbacks, Joseph eventually becomes one of the most formidable men in Egypt, rivaling only the pharaoh.
Genesis, Chapters One through Three from Bible // Sun., September 27th, 2,020 Man versus man conflicts with trust. God trusted Adam and Eve to not eat from the tree of life and the tree of knowledge. Eve trusted the serpent that eating from the tree would endow her with wisdom and that she would not die. Adam trusts his wife when she tells him to eat the fruit, thus disobeying God. Sins facilitate the development of morality. Sentenced to a life of tedious toil and grind, the punishment dealt to Adam and Eve gives them a sense of shame and remorse for their actions. Sinning is a necessary evil to understand what they did wrong, as they had no sense of morality before this. An understanding of what is right and wrong is what differentiates them from the other animals, and without this concept, they would hardly be distinguishable from beasts. This is also an important emergence because it would further establish the hierarchy of God over man and man over animals, discussed initially in the first chapter of Genesis.
Stoner by John Williams // May 27th, 2,020
“Several people were gathered around the table, at the head of which a young woman, tall and slender and fair, dressed in a gown of blue watered silk, stood pouring tea into gold-rimmed china cups. Stoner paused in the doorway, caught by his vision of the young woman. Her long, delicately featured face smiled at those around her, and her slender, almost fragile fingers deftly manipulated urn and cup; looking at her, Stoner was assailed by a consciousness of his own heavy clumsiness” (Williams 46).
When Stoner first gazed upon his future wife Edith, he was completely entrapped in her delicate aura. Williams portrays Edith as essentially every man’s dream; tall, thin, delicate. She wore a dress that communicated pure elegance and poise, with the gentle wrinkling and minute details of watered silk. The way she moved showed off her subtle and adroit mannerisms, presumably from years of perfecting her piano and sculpting skills. Throughout this entire passage the main takeaway Williams tries to communicate about Edith is her reserved and obstinate nature through the subtleness of her movements. This would be foreshadowing for the years to come, and especially highlighting the infatuation Stoner first had with her.
“Grace’s already slender body was becoming thinner; Edith laughed gently about her “growing up but not out.” Her eyes were becoming watchful, almost wary; the expression that had once been quietly serene was now either faintly sullen at one extreme or gleeful and animated on the thin edge of hysteria at the other; she seldom smiled any more, although she laughed a great deal. And when she did smile, it was as if a ghost flitted across her face” (Williams 127).
Stoner treasured his daughter since the day she was born and had spent a lot of time being with her because Edith wanted nothing to do with her. Graced loved being around him, and for Stoner she was like a flickering candle in a vast darkness of unhappiness. As she matured, Edith started to see how much she attached herself to her father and she yanked her away, moving her desk out of his room and busying her with extracurricular activities. Her mother encumbered her with monumental stress, expecting her to perform excellently in every occupation she forced Grace on. The stress wearing away at her started to have outward effects; she pushed away food, observed the world around her circumspectly, anxiously. The criticism and pressure her mother put her under emptied her out from the inside out, and she then scarcely cared about anything, detaching herself from reality and submitting to misery.
“But William Stoner knew of the world in a way that few of his younger colleagues could understand. Deep in him, beneath his memory, was the knowledge of hardship and hunger and endurance and pain. Though he seldom thought of his early years on the Booneville farm, there was always near his consciousness the blood knowledge of his inheritance, given him by forefathers whose lives were obscure and hard and stoical and whose common ethic was to present to an oppressive world faces that were expressionless and hard and bleak” (Williams 227).
The core theme of Stoner is the imagined value of extensive work and the suffering of humankind. Stoner had had to work tirelessly on the farm before he had ever left for college, and then to work on lesson plans and teaching with little reward besides his personal satisfaction. All of Edith’s motherly duties were forced onto him, along with the burden of debt from a house she impelled him to buy. The only account of genuine love he experienced was his short-lived affair with Katherine Driscoll, which was ruined by Lomax’s ire for him. Now as those years have long passed, and he had aged considerably, even his students would tease him for his bitter nature. Despite all of this, he could never express his suffering to the world, and remain stoic. His life would be forgotten, pain and struggles washed away, made functionally invisible by never coming to light.
“His thoughts were much upon death that summer of 1918. The death of Masters had shocked him more than he wished to admit; and the first American casualty lists from Europe were beginning to be released. When he had thought of death before, he had thought of it either as a literary event or as the slow, quiet attrition of time against imperfect flesh. He had not thought of it as the explosion of violence upon a battlefield, as the gush of blood from the ruptured throat. He wondered at the difference between the two kinds of dying, and what the difference meant; and he found growing in him some of that bitterness he had glimpsed once in the living heart of his friend David Masters” (Stoner 40).
The events of World War I have stained the past and the future with the monumental impact the war carried. Through the suffering of the war, Stoner came to think of death in a new novel way. He never thought of it as active suffering and terror; more of a slow and quiet end. This changed the way that many people around the world thought about wars, and terrified them that there would be more death and destruction to follow. This implanted a seed of cynicism and pessimism in a majority of the population that was before unheard of; Stoner was going through the same thought process of many who were witnesses to the petty infighting. He could only passively observe how adversely it affects his colleagues, through the death of his pragmatic and ironical friend David Masters and the exhausting wearing away at his English teacher Archer Sloane.
“He opened the book; and as he did so it became not his own. He left his fingers rifle through the pages and felt a tingling, as if those pages were alive. The tingling came through his fingers and coursed through his flesh and bone; he was minutely aware of it, and he waited until it contained him, until the old excitement that was like terror fixed him where he lay. The sunlight, passing his window, shone upon the page, and he could not see what was written there. The fingers loosened, and the book they had held moved slowly and then swiftly across the still body and fell into the silence of the room” (Williams 288).
William Stoner passed away without making any memorable achievements and with only a faint air of the people he cared about appreciating him the same. He had developed cancer, an inevitable and slow demise at the time, and it seemed as if everyone else only pacified him and offered superficial sympathy. He died alone; only vaguely aware of his senses and what happened around him. His book is a representation of everything he found important and valued highly, how the ‘pages’ would flit past his eyes and be gone from him. I felt like this was such a compelling moment because of how he could feel himself fading away gradually as the seconds passed. Though he had never been truly fulfilled, he felt as if his purpose had been served in life. Stoner spent his last moments acutely indulging in the passion he treasured most, literature.
The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky // May 27th, 2,020
“Besides the long fleshy bags under his little, always insolent, suspicious, ironical eyes; besides the multitude of deep wrinkles in his little fat face, the Adam's apple hung below his sharp chin like a great, fleshy goiter, which gave him a peculiar, repulsive, sensual appearance; add to that a long rapacious mouth with full lips, between which could be seen little stumps of black decayed teeth. He slobbered every time he began to speak. He was fond indeed of making fun of his own face, though, I believe, he was well satisfied with it. He used particularly to point to his nose, which was not very large, but very delicate and conspicuously aquiline. 'A regular Roman nose,' he used to say,'with my goiter I've quite the countenance of an ancient Roman patrician of the decadent period.' He seemed proud of it" (Dostoevsky 18).
In this passage, Dostoevsky tries to portray Fyodor Karamazov, the father of the three main characters, as the brooding, self-serving degenerate that he is. He very obviously does not care for his appearance and makes no attempt to hide it, as evidenced by his abysmal manners and unapologetic haughtiness. Dostoevsky does an excellent job at communicating his cynical and disgusting demeanor through his outer appearance, detailing the graphic image of his filthy and mocking visage. He does not take himself very seriously, shown by his comment on his ‘regular Roman nose’, joking that his appearance is on par with the highest-regarded Romans in the golden age. His face visualized looks very predatory but also repulsively idiotic, and also showcases his ceaseless hedonism when he describes his yearning eyes and lips.
"And yet he could not be quit of the past, of all that he had left behind and that tortured him. He felt that miserably, and the thought of it sank into his heart with despair. There was one moment when he felt an impulse to stop Andrey, to jump out of the cart, to pull out his loaded pistol, and to make an end of everything without waiting for the dawn. But that moment flew by like a spark. The horses galloped on, "devouring space," and as he drew near his goal, again the thought of her, of her alone, took more and more complete possession of his soul, chasing away the fearful images that had been haunting it" (Dostoevsky 378).
Dmitri had long been plagued with his corrupted past. Most certainly the most chaotic and obstinately passionate out of the three brothers, he is sensitive to the world around him and the sins he has committed. Through his extensive struggle to try to fix himself, he gradually lost himself and felt impossibly entangled in his own mistakes. This carriage ride to the town was a sort of last hurrah for him, to celebrate with the townsfolk and distract him from his burning heart. Dmitri having the sudden urge to kill himself during the ride just shows how impulsive he is. This was sort of a mania for him, he could not think rationally and all he cared about at that moment was the woman who had tormented him for years.
“Above all, don’t lie to yourself. The man who lies to himself and listens to his own lie comes to such a pass that he cannot distinguish the truth within him, or around him, and so loses all respect for himself and for others. And having no respect he ceases to love, and in order to occupy and distract himself without love he gives way to passions and coarse pleasures, and sinks to bestiality in his vices, all from continual lying to other men and to himself” (Dostoevsky 36).
The constant conflict between faith and dishonesty that prevails in society is the main theme of The Brothers Karamazov. Zosima represents faith throughout the novel. Here, he explains that, in simple terms, a man who continually lies to himself will be a puppet to misery. He will inevitably grow deluded and detached from the world that goes on around him, losing all sense of morality and indulging senselessly in hedonistic vices. This concept describes a multitude of issues the characters suffer through and stands as the main takeaway as the book. Have faith, do not lend yourself too heavily to skepticism and misery. This theme can be clearly shown in Ivan’s cynical nature towards the world and his adamant rejection of theism, and that those who have faith will lead a more fulfilling life.
"If you were to destroy in mankind the belief in immortality, not only love but every living force maintaining the life of the world would at once be dried up. Moreover, nothing then would be immoral; everything would be lawful, even cannibalism” (Dostoevsky 58).
This snippet is Miusov describing the stance that Ivan has on faith. Ivan detests the belief of God or any form of greater being, though he still believes that religion is the binding force of civility in the world, and that benevolence and morality would wholly fall apart. With no distinct set of rules regarding what is and is not moral, there would be no motive in well-doing or even existing at all, according to Ivan. This can be connected to society in the present-day through the growing trend of secularism and antitheism over the years. Though there’s typically a distinct difference between Ivan’s beliefs and modern atheism because most atheists do not think that religion is necessary for society at all. An interesting contrast is that many religious people find religion necessary for normal society function, partially in line with the views of Ivan.
"He seemed suddenly to feel an acute pain in his chest, he turned pale and pressed his hands to his heart. All rose from their seats and hastened to him. But though suffering, he still looked at them with a smile, sank slowly from his chair on to his knees, then bowed his face to the ground, stretched out his arms and as though in joyful ecstasy, praying and kissing the ground, quietly and joyfully gave up his soul to God" (Dostoevsky 296).
This elicited a strong reaction in me because of how welcoming he seemed of his demise. It felt as if he had cast all impurities from his body, any want, any disdain. He had absolutely no qualms about his death, anticipating a version of the afterlife that was gracious and merciful. His faith and connection with God were unquestionably sincere, and because his death wasn’t particularly miserable, the calmness and acceptance of his life coming to a close is what produces the strong emotional response of both shock and adulation. The ritual of his death is telling of his devotion to his faith and unconditional altruism, and he left the world touching the heart of everyone he had ever met and beyond.
Siddhartha: Ascension of a Wanderer (Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse) // March 23rd, 2,020

Siddhartha: The Ascension of a Wanderer

The hero’s journey, often monikered as the monomyth, is a broad plot subtype that focuses on the hero’s adventures. In these, they come out victorious in the most onerous of challenges imposed on them, then return home improved in some way. The story is presented through the eyes of the hero, like Siddhartha in the novel. [Hero] American professor Joseph Campbell, particularly influenced by mythology and religious tales, first popularized this story template through his work The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Campbell and others gave religious figures like Moses, Jesus, and the Buddha as examples of the monomyth. Though not a typical epic, Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha provides an excellent antidote that follows Siddhartha closely through his philosophical endeavors. [Introduction] The separation culminates in the hero when they ascertain the unsatisfactory state of their life. This is the first step in the journey. Implanted in the hero is a twinge of yearning, which promptly flourishes into a desire unseemly to disregard. Contrary to the succeeding call, this period proves more of a mental separation than a physical one. In Siddhartha, the title character breeds a thorough restlessness in his life. As the son of a corpulent priest, most in life granted him fancifully. Throughout his adolescence, his family and townspeople alike incessantly praised and pacified Siddhartha. Regardless, these adulations failed to rouse any elation in the virile prince. Seldom inclined to arduous labor or hard thinking, this infantilization caused him to sense the shallowness in life. Such pampering leaves him vulnerable to any fleeting temptation that may arise, which prompts the call. [Separation] While the separation causes the hero to realize some profound perturbance in their life, the call impels them to correct it. Siddhartha yearns for something more profound than his lavish, listless life as the son of a Brahmin. He becomes disinterested in the teaching of his elders, as they now provide nothing of value to him. A loose group of nomadic monks known as the Samanas wanders through his town one day. Deprived spiritually, it tempts him greatly to join them. He desired to gain their knowledge, to remedy the emptiness instilled in his heart. After pondering his choice extensively, he ultimately decides to join the Samanas. This wish he confides in Govinda, his dearest friend, who amiably supports him in his choice and resolves to accompany him. These ascetics act as a sort of collective herald, the force that thrusts him towards leaving. [Herald] [The call] Thresholds momentarily prevent the hero from progressing on his journey and forces them to prove their dedication to their goal. They abandon their routine life and plunge head-first into a bizarre and unfamiliar world, the threshold acting as a metaphorical door between the two. Upon deciding to forsake his home, he seeks his father's approval. Obstinately, the Brahman refuses, but Siddhartha refuses to accept this. With fiery resolve, Siddhartha stands rooted in place like a massive oak tree, even when his father has gone. Conveniently, the man tussles with sleep. Each time he awoke, he gazed through the window to scrutinize, with increasing dread, Siddhartha still standing. Upon approaching and speaking with his beloved son, he realizes that he had already gone mentally and nothing could sway his conviction. The defeated priest concedes. In this instance, Siddhartha’s father acts as the threshold guardian. He bars the theoretical door of the aforementioned threshold, testing his perseverance before he moves on to grander affairs. [Threshold guardian] [The threshold] The first challenge presented to Siddhartha concerns his assimilation to the ascetics’ conduct. He ditched his fine garb and fasted for three successive weeks. Flesh grew taut on bone, breathing slowed, delusions ensued. Siddhartha yearned for nothing more than to be completely devoid; of aspirations, of desire, of emotions. Asceticism to him heeded no bounds as he tried to ascend the worldly matters that married him to the earth. Eventually, he began to ponder the purpose of his actions. Did his extensive austerity get him any closer to enlightenment, his so sought-after goal? What did he learn? Once more, Siddhartha stood in straits. [Challenge #1] After bantering with Govinda, he persuades him to accompany him leaving the Samanas to indulge in the teachings of the enigmatic Gotama. The legendary nature of the Buddha’s teachings had circulated throughout the group and piqued the curiosity of many. Drawn to his unfathomable grandness, the two take it as an invaluable opportunity to leave the ascetics and pursue a more independent path. Before departing, they consulted the eldest of the Samanas. The elder exploded at the hopeful pair, spluttering expletives and obtusely declaring their choice erroneous. Not without sly, Siddhartha gazed directly into his eyes, seizing his spirit with his firm indignance. Like a puppet, the monk manipulated his folly will and movements; the old man swiftly prostrated himself at his superiors’ feet and blessed their journey graciously. [Challenge #2] The couplet proceeded to the town of Savathi, where the Buddha resided. All residents of the place, from the slightest of children to the eldest of elderly, knew of and venerated the man. In haste they revealed Gotama’s occupancy, a grove in the proximity. At sunrise, when the monks began to gather, they stood in awe at the sheer number of monks and inquisitive nomads. They followed after the Buddha when he went on his alms rounds.They marvelled, how profound, how such an amorphous man could prove so distinct! In the evening, all souls gathered round to hear his long-anticipated oration. His voice spoke the truth so clearly, so sincerely that it lulled in nearly every person who had cared to comprehend it. In this translucent reverie Govinda was also entranced. Govinda expects Siddhartha to join him with the Buddha without question, but he cautiously abstains. Continuously quarrelling with his identity, Siddhartha meets Gotama and seeks permission to speak to him privately. He confides his solemn reverence of Gotama's teachings, but still he senses a gap in this wisdom and wishes to pursue it elsewhere. The Buddha understands his genuine yearning and encourages him to attain his aspiration of spiritual enlightenment. [Challenge #3] He leaves the grove and ventures back into the familiar forest. While frolicking almost with jocularity through the ferns, Siddhartha laments on how foolish it was for him to try to abandon himself, to transfigure into an empty husk of a human being. Trying to suppress his primal, worldly nature came to naught. As if he had fresh eyes, he gawked at the scenery that encompassed him, speculating how he could ever perceive such marvels as wicked. Bearing the vehement passion of these revelations, he meandered through the foliage with a floaty heart. He dispelled his doubts and transversed the river with the aid of the humble ferryman, Vasudeva, onto the next leg of his journey. [Challenge #4] Siddhartha reached the unfamiliar city late in the day. A svelte young mistress named Kamala, accompanied by a band of servants, seized his attention and held it firmly. Enraptured in carnal desire that he previously detested, he resolved to become worthy of Kamala’s sickly love. To make himself presentable, he cuts his long bedraggled hair and beard and takes his bath in the river. Impressed by his determination, Kamala directs him to work for the merchant Kawaswami, gaily explaining she could never dote on him if he were penniless. Considering his accumulating riches, Kamala embraced Siddhartha heartily. He gave in to hedonism and allowed himself to be entertained by fickle love making and the shallow pleasures of womanly passions. [Challenge #5] In this instance, Kamala acts as the trickster because she introduces mirth and shameless fun into his familiar stringency. Tricksters also provide a different perspective to the story, like she does with the disparity between the austere Samana and the indulgent courtesan. [Trickster] Years whirred past Siddhartha as he remained in the city, regularly ravaging his senses in senseless indulgence. He carried out his trading duties mechanically, met with Kamala all the same, letting life go on like an eternally oscillating record of an unremarkable tune. Siddhartha grew tired, his senses blurred, his once-youthful visage bore the wrinkles of time. Appalled and dissatisfied with his life, he gambled invariably and recklessly, expending a great deal of money. He disgustedly infused his life with dancing women and booze, growing increasingly sullen until a sudden dream prompted him to leave. In a way, this suffering was all at the fault of Kawaswami. At first he provided him with an occupation and more riches than he’d ever know what to do with, but this eventually led to his emotional downfall. Kawaswami is the shape-shifter in this instance, because he is simultaneously Siddhartha’s ally and his enemy, even if he doesn’t realize this. [Shape-shifter] Siddhartha dreamt of Kamala’s singing bird, with which when he opened the bird’s golden cage, he found the bird rigid and most certainly dead. He picked up the deceased avian and hurled it out onto the street. Feeling terribly repulsed by this, he felt as if the bird represented all good in the world. Knowing he could not bear it any longer, Siddhartha abandoned his garden and never returned to it, circling back round to meet the river. [Challenge #6] The abyss pertains to the hero’s most daunting challenge, hence the image of a cavernous ravine that they must escape from. Frequently this event comes with much trepidation, as the abyss commonly takes the form of a repressed horror of the hero. Confidence becomes tremendously difficult to muster. These forlorn heroes lose a sense of self that they formerly thought to be impenetrable, secure. Doubt accumulates, and the hero grows quite incredulous at any chance of their success. Spurred on by his ever-growing ennui and disdain for his avaricious aptitudes, Siddhartha fled to the sacred river that brought him to his opulent hell. He wished to die in these desolate moments, unable to pry himself from the repulsive indulgences in life. The cycle had exhausted itself to him, the relentless cycle of numbness and realization. He tore himself viciously apart in his own head, unable to separate misery from joy. Reeking of the stench of death, Siddhartha felt inconsolably hopeless, yearning for nothing more but a swift end to his terrible suffering. He gazed down on the empty murmuring of the water, the water which would condemn him to death. To him, it was freeing in a sense, to let go of his miseries and blissfully sacrificing himself to the mocking gods. Fully determined to drown in that bitter-sweet bliss, he let himself slip, but suddenly something deep within his being called him back to the living. Exhausted from his own bickering, he acquiesced to his soul and slumped down at the base of the morbid coconut tree. [Abyss] After the abyss, the hero experiences revelations, such being a substantial change in the hero’s thinking or view of life. Revelations are directly initiated by events that occur in the abyss. Siddhartha slept for an interminable time, distorting the hours into years. When Siddhartha awoke from his slumber, he was rejuvenated with hope, a new man curiously aware and joyous. It was comparable to a boulder being relieved from his chest. Govinda had been watching over him as he had slept, to ensure his protection. After their numerous years estranged, still Siddhartha could recognize his childhood companion. Once Govinda recognizes him when prompted, he is overjoyed and Siddhartha informs him that he will be going on a pilgrimage to finally find himself. Fuzzily warm and content after his pleasant conversation with the monk, he learns to accept life with a certain amount of lightness. He acknowledges the previously woeful troubles of his journey, happily submitting himself to the perpetual cycle of living. Resolving to stay close and relish in the beauty of the river, he unites with the venerable ferryman Vasudeva in his work and comes to be his sole confidant. For once in his life, there’s an undeniable sereneness that courses through him, engulfing him in lovely modesty. [Revelation] During atonement, the hero must confront whatever force takes control over them, obstructing their path to a complete transformation. The hero has to comprehend the inner workings of this force to move on and achieve an enlightened view on the world they know. Kamala, Siddhartha’s son in tow, had journeyed from Savathi. The pair were pilgriming to pay their respect to the dying Buddha, traveling in simple peasantry. Before they can reach the river to cross it, a viper bites Kamala in her sleep. They rushed to find help, but Kamala collapsed onto the ground and he quickly devolved into hysterics. Siddhartha hastily answered their screams for help. In the boy he felt a twinge of recognition, a slight warming of the heart. When he gazed upon Kamala, he instantaneously recognized his feeble old flame and understood that the traumatized puerile boy must be his son. After exchanging a few solemn words with Kamala, he attends to her to the best of his abilities and puts her to rest. She dies fitfully bedridden, leaving the boy an abstractual orphan. Siddhartha and Vasudeva lovingly accepted him into their abode, empathizing with the miserly brooding youth. Siddhartha Jr. grew increasingly more indignant and contemptuous as he progressed into his adolescence, suffering fiery outbursts in which he would rebel against them both. Siddhartha worked tirelessly to mitigate this issue and understand his son’s temperaments, yet it all came to naught, and he continuously failed to connect with him. Vasudeva tried to persuade Siddhartha to let him go, observing how the ordeal was tormenting him so. He advised him to consult the coursing waves of the river, as only it could direct his path. Remaining obstinate from his devotion to his only offspring, Siddhartha still believed their relationship could be salvageable. For a long while, Siddhartha did not punish or force his son in anything, hopelessly attempting to kindle any sense of piety between the two, while his son’s soul yearned to be abused. In one final rebellion against his forlorn father, his son had transversed the river and disappeared into the forest. Knowing his decision would prove nonsensical and hopeless, he decided to try and ‘rescue’ his son. He journeyed to the city where he once lived, and he could not find his son no matter how merciless his efforts. The wound of their failed familiarity twisted itself dreadfully into the most obscure depths of his heart. His son was all that remained of his former life, and he cherished him like a keepsake, desperately clinging onto the last withering thread of sufferance that rudimentarily held them together. His son here is the ‘Shadow’, the overbearing villain in the tale. He acts as the source of all his ephemeral pain, and what stops him from pursuing ascension, and Siddhartha scarcely can see how he is slowly destroying him. [Shadow] Siddhartha’s blind love for his perhaps rotten son could be considered akin to a hoarders’ senseless attachment for poorly-written books rendered illegible by mildew. At the advice of Vasudeva, he reluctantly relinquished his love for his son, realizing long ago the foolishness of it. Regardless, the bitter seed of loss was firmly planted in him. In this instance, Vasudeva acts as Siddhartha’s guide as he teaches him how to let go of the remembrance of his fallen son. [Guide] Once he returned to his work, his disposition towards people began to shift. People to him seemed more benevolent and curious rather than unabashed and foreign. Their somewhat vapid desires and ardor appeared almost endearing to his warmed soul. Gradually, he discovered what genuine knowledge culminates as; being able to, with each and every passing moment, to be one with the oneness, to be at peace and accept life as it comes to you. His wound had been nursed inside of him for so long, and he merely awaited its blossoming. The river spoke to him, and he had to be coaxed to listen to it with minute care by Vasudeva. In the river’s reflection, he morphed indiscriminately into all he had ever seen and known, and in this he understood the nature of deliberation. All that mattered in the world was one, and it spoke one, singular word: Om. [Atonement] The ultimate boon or the gift is awarded to the hero when he has conquered all the challenges presented to him. They achieve the goal of their initial journeying, as it is what pushed the hero to leave and adventure. Siddhartha, learning from the river, had achieved his life-long goal of enlightenment. He stopped trying to destroy himself and accepted his situation, therefore eliminating the mirth of his slow-burning suffering. Vasudeva chose to bequeath him to the river as he left on a quest to find himself as well. [Boon] In the concluding section of the hero’s journey, the hero returns to where he has left and brings the richness of his knowledge along with him, In Siddhartha, this is not a matter of venturing back to his family, but confronting a relic of the past one last time. Govinda and the group of monks, in between their pious pilgrimages, would rest in Kamala’s former ‘pleasure grove’ which she had gifted to them. Almost regarded as a saint, Siddhartha was gossiped about frequently across the town and word of the wise ferry man soon made way to Govinda. He travels to see him, and Govinda confides that even in his advanced age, he still searches for enlightenment. Siddhartha informs him that when you strive so determinedly for something you yearn for, you can become blinded and miss sight of the prevalent things that dance right in front of your eyes. Govinda then at once recognizes his lifelong friend, rejoicing and imploring him to impart his wisdom with him. He allows him to stay the night and introduces him to the river, the one that speaks the Om. In it he gazed upon everything ever conjured, all the faces of the human race mixed and flowed past each other impartially. In it he saw all the suffering and joy in the world, melding together into an entity as equivalent and and complacent as the soil implanted in the river bed. Time ceased existing, memories blurred, all became meaningless and perfectified, an ideal form of the perhaps insignificant clod of Earth. The oneness was omnipresent. Govinda reached up to kiss Siddhartha on his lips, and all was everything. He had attained enlightenment and had submitted himself to the oneness in that last display of intimacy. Govinda bowed deeply, prostrating himself before the exalted one. Siddhartha’s smile represented to Govinda everything of value in life, and the cycle of eternal suffering had completed itself at last. [The return]
Dandelion Wine by Ray Bradbury // January ~30th, 2,020 Dandelion Wine takes place in the late 20th century, encapsulating the span of a summer in a rural midwestern town. I individually find such very relatable, being from the midwest and have experienced such things there. The structure of the book is quite disjointed, chapters typically containing one significant event before moving onto something completely unrelated. The book heavily employs themes of time, youth, and mortality. The ephemerality of joy, the imminence of death shrouded under the guise of a coming of age novel. Bradbury employs the symbol of dandelion wine throughout the novella; the dandelions a representation of an abundant recall of his real-life hometown, Waukegan, Illinois. Wine portrays the penting up of his memories to remember afterward, in a way fermenting and growing sweeter. His luxurious use of metaphors and similes make the book incredibly pleasant to peruse, as all events drip gradually into one another, flowing lazily into a slow-moving stream. He describes things so wonderfully it causes you to feel as if these minuscule aptitudes portray something more representory than frequently taken for granted as. One exceptional example of such, the dandelions they use to make liquor with representing loveliness and utilitarianism in their often-scorned ubiquitousness. This appears to remain a frequent theme, the objects so commonly loathed and ignored, metamorphose into something attractive beneath the gauzes of youth, the innocence that has yet to lend itself to ugliness.
The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald // January ~18th, 2,020 The Great Gatsby is often marveled as one of the excellentest American novels, but I fail to regard the book this way. While Fitzgerald can evidently write good prose, yet he falls short at concocting an enthralling plot, or instilling in the characters any substance. Revolving around the trivial love of affluent people, I find it decidedly hard to relate to. As a result, the story turns out dry and paltry. It starts off with the protagonist leaving the midwest to trade bonds in the growing affluence of New York City, settling in Long Island. Upon his arrival, Nick meets with his second-cousin-once-removed Daisy Buchanan and her sportly husband Tom. Daisy proves to be supremely vain and idiotic, wholly concerned with her status and wealth. Tom, much the same as her, attained his zenith as a more youthful football player, still hopelessly hangs on to this only notable achievement. His neighbor, the aforementioned Gatsby, resides in a stupidly ornate, massive mansion. He regularly hosts elaborate parties, where few people are formally invited but many show up. Nick Carraway appropriately finds him eccentric and so do I. Gatsby’s personality to me peculiarly resembles a schizoid, even without the asociality that is attributed to the disorder. Jay Gatsby, formerly James Gatz of North Dakota, served as a major in WWI and afterwards became disgustingly wealthy off of bootlegging and entrepreneurship. He encountered Daisy during his training, plunging into her, hopelessly enamoured with her grace and prestige. But after a separation of five years, she had moved on, marrying the much more opulent man Tom Buchanan. After this, Gatsby dedicated himself wholly to his futile efforts in luring Daisy back, amassing millions in meretricious properties and souvenirs. She accepts him back reluctantly, however ephemeral. Jibber jabber and so on, some assorted unimportant events later, Daisy and Gatsby run over Myrtle Wilson while they’re driving, killing her instantly. Myrtle’s husband, George, became desolate and furious, determined to decimate the person that slayed his wife. Tom tells him Gatsby had slain his wife, glossing over, or perhaps oblivious to the fact that Daisy was veritably the one driving. On the day that Gatsby ultimately exercises the use of his swimming pool that he left unoccupied all summer, George shoots and assassinates him. Despite the swathes of people who attended his resplendent soirées, exclusively Nick, his father, and a mysterious character nick-named “Owl-eyes” showed to his funeral. And that’s, essentially, the end of it. Completely anti-climatic and utterly pointless, the demise of a rich and “love”-blinded man. The plot itself stays wholly unengaging, as Fitzgerald did not commit enough time into genuinely developing the characters to cause you to give two shits about them. The actual theme trying to be portrayed, supposedly about how the American dream is unattainable, is not clearly apparent to me throughout the book. Like I said, none of the event seems to happen for any purpose, manifesting itself into a novel with all the imagined substance it could have sucked right out. The novel’s downfall for me is how unrelatable he made the characters, as not many people come from such an affluent background and their problems seem substantially more petty as a result. It leaves for there nothing to care about, you depart from the concluding page with a burning of disappointment and indifference. Though The Great Gatsby has achieved immense prosperity, permeating itself into every corner of high-school English curriculums and bookworm’s bookshelves, I am personally unwooed.
Pale Fire by Vladimir Nabokov // January 14, 2,020
“The dim light he discharged was now his dearest companion, Oleg's ghost, the phantom of freedom. He experienced a blend of anguish and exultation, a kind of amorous joy, the like of which he had last known on the day of his coronation, when, as he walked to his throne, a few bars of incredibly rich, deep, plenteous music (whose authorship and physical source he was never able to ascertain) struck his ear, and he inhaled the hair oil of the pretty page who had bent to brush a rose petal off the footstool, and by the light of his torch the King now saw that he was hideously garbed in bright red" (Nabokov 132).
The light emitting from his flashlight represents the spirit of Oleg, his childhood best friend and confidant before he died in a devastating accident. Oleg’s apparition impels him to keep thrusting himself through the tunnel and escape the treacheries of his royal imprisonment. They had explored the concealed undershaft as children, and the memory of it was the solitary thing that facilitated his escape. Overwhelmed by emotions at the thought of escaping his wretched captivity, it felt as if he was scintillating, ascending to a new phase of his life. His coronation day being the last time he felt such joy is evident to his grave displeasure in assuming the throne, as it was only a brief, blinding excitation that provided him such euphoria. As the king reflects back on the day of his coronation, he becomes so enraptured in this fantasy that he loses the concept of space. At the succeeding moment, he discovers himself fallen from this fantastical grace and reflects on how he truly appears as he emerges from the tunnel, a ragged escapee. Reality swiftly closes in and he must make his exit, whispering goodbye to his beloved home.
"The gist, rather than the actual plot of the dream, was a constant refutation of his not loving her. His dream-love for her exceeded in emotional tone, in spiritual passion and depth, anything he had experienced in his surface existence. The love was like an endless wringing of hands, like a blundering of the soul through an infinite maze of hopelessness and remorse. They were, in a sense, amorous dreams, for they were permeated with tenderness, with a longing to sink his head onto her lap and sob away the monstrous past" (Nabokov 210).
The king, coerced into an arranged marriage with a woman he couldn’t authentically love, he grew forced to develop an idealization of her, a dream. This fake love soon swelled to a point where he was incapable of differentiating between whether or not he adored her genuinely, spurring on a sort of emotional crisis. It felt so extraordinarily intense to him that everything else seemed to fade away into obscurity. In spite of, or because of, the disingenuousness of their intimacy, it caused him to desire her more. This introduction to a genuine affection could have conceivably made him hanker for something real, a tangible romance. Despite this, he had nobody to console him but the very woman who had decimated his integrity. He stood caught in a labyrinth, their unwilling spirits unconsciously intertwined.. The prolonged ordeal left him utterly destroyed emotionally, and for the rest of his existence he found it hard to maintain relationships with others.
“I even suggested to him a good title-the title of the book in me whose pages he has to cut: Solus Rex; instead of which I saw Pale Fire, which meant to me nothing. I started to read the poem. I read faster and faster. I sped through it, snarling, as a furious young heir through an old deceiver’s testament. Where were the battlements of my sunset castle? Where was Zembla the Fair? Where her spine of mountains? Where her long thrill through the mist? And my lovely flower boys, and the spectrum of the stained windows, and the Black Rose Paladins, and the whole marvelous tale? Nothing of it was there! The complex contribution I had pressing upon him with a hypnotist’s patience and a lover’s urge was simply not there” (Nabokov 296).
Through the entire span of Kinbote’s narration, he had been instilling in the poet, John Shade, the history of his home country, his fair Zembla. He put monumentous effort coercing Shade into writing about his grand flight from his regal life of custody, and what would have followed if he had stayed, an inevitable regicide. Kinbote had abandoned Zembla completely, but in his mind, he never truly left. Unable to share his Zemblan culture or background with anyone, the country he had become so enamoured with was shrouded in a haze of illustrious grandeur. Remembering the old prosperity of his former kingdom, it proved impossible for him to let go of these ideations. This repressed passion for his motherland manifested itself in the complex, wondrous tales he thrust upon the poet. When Shade finally completed the poem, he was outraged that none of the stories he so painstakingly described remained in the poem which he relied on so heavily. This stinging pain of exile and alienation can be seen throughout the novel.
“Line 681: gloomy Russians spied There is really nothing metaphysical, or racial, about this gloom. It is merely the outward sign of congested nationalism and a provincial's sense of inferiority-that dreadful blend so typical of Zemblans under the Extremist rule and of Russians under the Soviet regime. Ideas in modern Russia are machine-cut blocks coming in solid colors; the nuance is outlawed, the interval walled up, the curve grossly stepped" (Nabokov 243).
At the time that the novel was published, the communist U.S.S.R. loomed over the world as a significant and menacing threat. As Nabokov had immigrated from Russia to the United States to escape the treacheries of the Russian empire, he utilized his ample experience with the state to describe this phenomenon amongst the Russian people. Everything lovely and ornate under the regime remained strictly suppressed, in favor of the dull monotony that still prevails today as an infamous icon of the Soviet Union. Kinbote related this to what he experienced in his later life in Zembla; when overthrown as a monarch the country fell into the power of iron-fisted extremists. The Cold War enforced this negative stereotype about Russian work drive and stoicism, setting Russia as a belligerent of the United States.
“Down you go, but all the while you feel like a somnolent turbulent pigeon, and sprawl supine on the eiderdown of the air, or lazily turn to embrace your pillow, enjoying every last instant of soft, deep, death-padded life, with the earth's green seesaw now above, now below, the voluptuous crucifixion , as you stretch yourself in the growing rush, in the nearing swish, and then your loved body's obliteration in the Lap of the Lord" (Nabokov 221).
In this passage Kinbote describes the ordeal of committing suicide, specifically the death of Hazel, John Shade’s daughter. Rather than depicting the process as a terrifying, ephemeral fever dream he contrarily portrays it in a debatably more positive light. Kinbote represents suicide as a liberation of the body, freeing a corrupted and long tormented soul from the wrath of a tender reality.The experience of suicide as described here involves lightness, a form of final, genuine jouissance. There remains nothing left to worry or fret about, swerving aimlessly through the open air as you plunge into an unknown sweetness. Suicide to Kinbote feels blissful, an act of finally being able to release pain and undergo the process of meeting your maker. Because of his opinions about self-immolation, it is possible to construct a certain assumption of how he feels about Hazel’s suicide. Kinbote expresses here that he believes Hazel’s death released her from a reality she found so insufferable, the life that brought her so much agony. Though he never explicitly stated this to John, never did he mourn her demise, as he knew she yearned for death for many years.
Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck // January ~8, 2,020 As an incredibly slender book, there's not much room to implement many events that lead up to the climax, nor is there a time to develop the characters. Steinbeck, however, executes their development sublimely, forging their personalities to seem genuine and easily relatable through his own experience working on Californian ranches. George and his mentally exceptional companion Lennie travel all across California searching for work in the midst of the global Great Depression. Lennie always manages to fuck up their job prospects in one way or another, most frequently from a fundamental misunderstanding of social cues, like how they had to flee from their previous labor in Weed after being accused of rape. With his severely autistic propensity, Lennie adores stroking "soft things", which caused him to pet a woman's red dress. He then proved incapable of letting go when she became hysterical. After this incident, the duo arrives at a new ranch in Salinas. George introduces himself and Lennie to the brutish skinners of the bunkhouse, not assuming a grand amount of time before they find themselves under suspicion. Curley, the boss’s son with a pestiferous coquette for a wife, immediately tries to tyrannize Lennie for his gargantuan build and mush-headedness. This proves distressing for him, who stands largely incompetent of thinking for himself. Throughout the novel, their concept of an American dream remains the primary motivator for the effort they put in. A comparatively modest fantasy, the two aspire for a private property of their own. Lennie wishes only to tend to the rabbits, and George would no longer have to save his ass every time he gets in trouble. When Candy, an elderly disabled swamper, overhears George reassuring Lennie of their aspiration, he cuts in to ask if he could join in too. After surrendering his most beloved companion, an elderly shepherd dog, and additionally all his ambitions, it was clear there stood nothing left to forfeit. Candy had been reimbursed for the accident in which he lost his hand and willed to pitch in money to escape the grasp of arduous labor. This merely strengthened their notion of the tangibility of the dream, plunging them even further into a somewhat senseless ideation. They grew increasingly desperate, frenzied as they tried to gather all they required to take hold of the property. Near the end of the novel, all chances of this are floundered. Lennie, left alone with the newborn pups in the barn, ends up unknowingly murdering one with his extraordinary strength. Becoming despondent, Lennie frets incessantly over the fact that George will now not allow him to tend to the rabbits he so venerated. Curley’s wife, who would incessantly circle the ranch akin to a vulture, discovered the damaged man alone in the barn, distraught. She naturally inquires about the deceased puppy, of which he remains reluctant to respond to. He finally confesses his love of touching soft things, and he never tried to massacre it. In exchange for corresponding with her, she offers for him to stroke her silky hair. When Lennie doesn’t let go, she panics and begins to scream. Lennie, terrified that anyone would overhear and chastise him, surrounds her mouth with his mighty paws and concedes by cracking her neck with his unwilling brute. Thereafter, he grows frightened and begins to hallucinate, ideating his aunt Clara, George, and a giant rabbit. Remembering what George had ordered him to do, he flees the barn and escapes into the brush by the creek. Candy and George soon discover her desiccated corpse seeking him, obliging them to notify the remaining men. The men fell into a frenzy, frantically conglomerating as a mob to search for the disgraced retard. George steals Carlson’s Luger, wanting to kill Lennie himself because he didn’t yearn for him to die dazed and affrighted. Confronting him at the bank, George reassures him that he wasn’t upset over his actions and wills to describe their dream before his inevitable demise. He orders Lennie to stare at the landscape directly in front of them, softly going over the tale that had been told countless times before. Straightening his aim, George shoots him directly in the head where the brainstem and spine meet, a technique discerned from the killing of Candy’s senile canine. This effectively executes him, as Lennie slumped over in an instant, dead and liberated from the vulgar world. Steinbeck as a person and an author stands as obviously incredibly pessimistic, indeed considering the Great Depression period. The novel illustrates the grave world the human populace resides in, painstakingly detailing the hardships of isolation and loss. George doesn’t acknowledge how much he cares for Lennie until his demise, whereas he eluded the sole man who would stand at his side with allegiance. The character’s aspirations continually resulted in naught, representing how hopefulness frequently blinds the mortal nature, however unrealistic and implausible their fantasies. People have never received equitable opportunities. Only scarcely can people wholly achieve their goals, no matter how humble, even with the accessibility of our modern life. The novel also heavily touches on justice and morality, some examples being whether Lennie’s assassination could be justified due to his suffering, or if the dog’s senility justifies its massacre.
The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie // January ~2, 2,020 Infamous for its controversial plot, this novel has received quite a smorgasbord of reactions, revered by much of Western society and scorned by Islamists. At the time of composing this, I consider The Satanic Verses as one of the best novels I’ve read. To offer some context, Salman Rushdie was born in Mumbai soon after India gained independence from the United Kingdom. The book itself contains a continuous quarrelling of Indian identity and dissertation, considering both the religious and cultural aspects of such. Also regarded in the tale represent the dreams of Gibreel Farishta, one of which details the life of Mahound and the emergence of Islam. Soon after the publication, the Islamic world reacted adversely, condoning for the book’s ban and the killing of Rushdie. The so-called Supreme Leader of Iran at the time, Ayatollah Khomeini, issued a fatwa against him advocating for his assassination. Forced to go into hiding for nearly a decade, Rushdie would not back down from his stance, criticizing the faith for its unceasing intolerance and rigidness. Though its excellence lay not in its disputation, I find how Rushdie handled the situation worthy of much admiration. Beginning the book, Gibreel Farisha and Saladin Chamcha fall from the Bostan flight, floating freely through the pungent air of the English Channel. They appear in a frenzy, singing songs and prayers. Twining themselves together, their transformation begins. Rekha Merchant, his deceased ex-lover, appears to him and scolds him for abandoning her. Gibreel insists to Saladin to flap their arms, therefore in some way breaking their falls and liberating them from eternity. A metaphysical reincarnation, the men transfigure into their contemporary theocratic forms, using heavenly and devilish words to indicate as much. Rushdie concludes this chapter by ending with this legendary utterance,“No, not birth, death,” indicating their survival and how their lives will invariably change. Preceding this, the following chapters detail the lives of Farishta and Chamcha. Gibreel Farishta previously laboured as a dabbawalla under his father’s care. Before long his mother, Naima, was massacred by a bus with Najmuddin Sr. perishing of a stroke soon after, only a few years into his adulthood. A childless couple adopted the formerly named Ismail as their own, introducing him to the Indian film business. Bitterly reminiscing on his mother’s death, he assumed his new name from what she used to call him, her own “personal angel.”Gibreel grew incredibly popular, starring chiefly in “theologicals,” movies narrating the holy lives of gods. Somewhere between this he met Rekha Merchant, the aforementioned haunt and a espoused businesswoman. At some point he becomes deeply entrenched in a mysterious, baneful illness, dreaming invariably and praying to Allah for the sake of his life. As his condition improved, he shunned the existence of any Gods and parting with an aspect so absolutely crucial to his livelihood. When he’s released, he goes to a buffet in a prestigious hotel and crams himself full of savoury pork, a direct dissolution of his relationship with Allah. There he meets Alluelia Cone, the icy Everest toppler, instantly becoming enamoured with her. Promptly Gibreel breaks up with Rekha, though his newly conjured relationship held for just a few days before eroding rapidly. Abandoning his movie career, he books an airplane seat for London. Saladin Chamcha also grew up in Bombay, under the strict guises of his father. In one instance, he discovers a wallet stuffed with raw British currency, and his father forces him to fork it over, although he didn’t particularly desire it. Growing to despise Indian society and culture, he fantasizes about his faraway dreamland, London, nicknaming this adulation ellowen deeowen. His father forwarded him to a boarding school in London, ultimately granting his so yearned for wishes. He labours continuously and arduously to integrate into Western society, one event illustrating these challenges being his initial day at the boarding school. Saladin, presented with a kipper with no elucidation of how to consume it, spends an hour and a half meticulously plucking the microscopic bones from the sparse meat, and such embarrassment only inspires him further to pursue his Westernization. He returns to Bombay to see his father five years later, contemptuously detailing the downfalls of India. During his trip, his mother Nasreen choked to death on a fishbone when her guests cowered in terror over the threat of air raids, watching her spitter and struggle and die. After this, he returns to London to become a voice actor. Conjuring his own affair in Pamela Lovelace, resulting in a turbulent relationship of uncompromising acidity. Even with the encouragement of Zeeny Vakil, an educated doctor invested heavily into Indian culture, he refuses to accept India, relating it to a foreign country. A home that was once home, but maybe never was. Traveling to India to visit his father one last time, he became enraged by his mother’s reincarnation in Kasturba, leaving soon after, scheduled for Bostan Flight 420. Bostan Flight 420 was hijacked by terrorists, one notably the female suicide bomber. They force the plane to land, Tavleen, the woman, lifting her shirt to reveal her millions of fatal breasts. For one hundred and eleven days, the passengers remain as hostages under the authority of the revolutionaries. Gibreel finds himself sitting next to Farishta after Dumsday was released, the Christian fanatic who jabbered at him,blaspheming Darwin’s studies. Plagued by encompassing and horrific dreams after the eating of the pork, Gibreel endlessly tries to prevent his inevitable slumber. On the one hundred and eleventh day, Tavleen having murdered Jalandri, a passenger the preceding day, they finally take off to their long-delayed destination of London. They lose control of the plane after Tavleen broke out into an uncontrollable rage over an incident with one of the male terrorists. Saladin and Gibreel are the only ones who survive, salvaged from the blessing of the English Channel. Gibreel, transformed as the archangel himself, is forcefully plunged into the life of Mahound through a series of visions, with no choice other than to mentor him. Mahound conquers Mount Cone, parody of Muhammad’s ascent of Jabal al-Nour with the Cave of Hira, where he receives revelations from the angel Gibreel about the blasphemy of Jahilia’s polytheism, informing him likewise to embrace Al-lah. Jahilia, the hot-spot of the worship of the region’s polytheistic idols, has grown affluent from the sacrifices designed to the idols and the novelty of the desert encompassing the city from all sides. Abu Simbel, Grandee of Jahilia, opulent from the profits of the pagan places of worship, meanders the torrid streets with the sagacious poet Baal. His livelihood depends on writing poems for murder revengers, as is the customary to do so. Without any prior warning, Abu Simbel abuses Baal for supposedly sleeping with his wife Hind, then commands him to produce poetry mocking the preachings of Mahound, fearing his teachings will threaten the conformist paganism that plagued Jahilia. This new singularity of God is petrifying and novel to Jahilias’ citizens. The Grandee allows Baal to continue seeing his wife, while his wicked writings only further exacerbates the widespread, passionate hatred of Mahound. Thereafter, Mahound is summoned by Abu Simbel with an offer to accept his theology, with an exception. He requires recognition of the three most important goddesses: Al-Lat, Uzza, and Manat, placing specificity on Al-Lat. With this confirmation, he pledges to convert all of Jahilia to Mahound’s religion, thus severely tempting the hesitant Mahound. Mahound returns to his disciples, asking for theirs and his uncle Hamza’s. They vehemently advise him against it, but encourage him to summit Mount Cone to ask the archangel Gibreel. (I never finished this, I think.)
"Then in the instant when she rose up it was as if everybody awoke, it became clear to them all that she really meant business, she was going through with it, all the way, she was holding in her hand the wire that connected all the pins it all the grenades beneath her gown, all those fatal breasts, and although at that moment Buta and Dara rushed at her she pulled the wire anyway, and the walls came tumbling down. No, not death: birth" (Rushdie 87).
Tavleen, the ferocious feminist terrorist, held the passengers of the Bostan flight hostage for a number of months. She hardly sought any religious or political motive, tyrannizing them merely out of a lust for adventure and control. After an excruciating one-hundred and eleven days of captivity, she ultimately pulled the trigger, physically and metaphorically. Notwithstanding with her childish rationale, she was unceasingly sincere about committing the terror attack. Her shapely body stood heavily, coated in explosives, encumbered with the stench and weight of death.The blending of both her femininity and passionate, misanthropic hatred can be exemplified in her many “fatal breasts.” Willing to surrender her life to inflict suffering and terror in the general populace, even her more mild male accomplices were unable to prevent her from going through with it. Tavleen’s hedonism costed hundreds of the passengers their existence, and to Gibreel and Saladin, theirs anew. Life as they had known for many moons came crashing down before them, revealing the raw material of their new, hypothetical reincarnation.
"She came to think of Elena as a soul in torment, to believe that this captivity in an immobile world of girlie calendars in which she wore breasts of moulded plastic, three times larger than her own; of pseudo-erotica snarls; of advertising messages printed across her navel, was no less than Elena's personal hell. Allie began to see the scream in her sister's eyes, the anguish of being trapped forever in those fashion spreads. Elena was being tortured by demons, consumed in fires, and she couldn't even move… after a time Allie had to avoid the shops in which her sister could be found staring from the racks. She lost the ability to open magazines, and hid all the pictures of Elena she owned" (Rushdie 307).
With the death of her older sister Elena, she grew deluged with grief, mourning the demise of a woman she once bitterly zealed after and stood overshadowed by. After a time, Alleluia began to see more increasingly all the misdoings and falsifications Elena partook in in the animated world. Similar to the notion that apparitions continue to roam the Earth because they have never came to a conclusion, plagued with unfinished business, Alleluia regarded her deceased sister as a tormented soul, imprisoned by her living sins. What proved worse to her became the fact that Elena stood mummified in her countless fashion shoots, cardboard cut-outs and, consumerism pervading every aspect of her remaining spirit. It horrified her, Elena’s vivacious and reckless disposition that used to scintillate and permeate every tangible thing, only to be advertised prepackaged in a lifeless magazine. Whether for better or worse, Alleluia tore herself completely from any remaining fragment of her, trying to push forward and forget the sibling who terrorized her for years.
“‘Will you merely lie down before this false prophet, this Dajjal? Can honour be expected of a man who is preparing to storm the city of his birth? Can compromise be hoped for from the uncompromising, pity from the pitiless? We are the mighty of Jahilia, and our goddesses, glorious in battle, will prevail.’ She commands them to fight in the name of Al-Lat. But the people begin to leave” (Rushdie 371).
The sacred city of Jahilia was utterly degraded by both the resident’s faith and doubt, brought to bruised knees by the divine passion of Mahound. Jahilia, once prosperous, was felled by one faithful man. When Mahound first started to preach, his revelations and monotheistic parading were widely ridiculed and rejected by the vast majority of the populace. Years after he had been exiled from his hometown, people start to accept him as a legitimate prophet, a messenger of the one, singular God. Individuals began turning away from the faith their ancestors practiced for millennia, adopting the “uncomfortable singularity” of Mahound’s teaching. They abandon their religion and culture, everything that they formerly appreciated to become born anew, salvaging themselves from the wrath of an ostensible god. Through faith and the continual contortion of so, the residents of Jahilia became metaphorically reincarnated, breathing fresh life into an old body. Credence and doubt of such significantly mould the characters, recasting them completely, a metaphysical rebirth.
“'We always forgive ourselves by blaming outsiders, America, Pakistan, any damn place. Excuse me, George, but for me it goes back to Assam, we have to start with that.' The massacre of the innocents. Photographs of children's corpses, arranged neatly in lines like soldiers on parade. They had been clubbed to death, pelted with stones, their necks cut in half with knives. Those neat ranks of death, Chamcha remembered. As if only horror could sting India into orderliness" (Rushdie 56).
This passage refers to the Nellie massacre in 1983 in the state of Assam. Nearly 3,000 Muslim immigrants from Bangladesh, murdered due to ethnic conflicts between Muslims and Hindus. There has been religious tension between the two groups for years, and this stands as only one example of it. Millions of people on both sides ended up dead, massacred over a senseless disagreement, notably after the English partition of India. This incidence only exuberates Saladin Chamcha’s shame for his Indian heritage, looking down on his motherland as a disorderly and primitive society. Even after there was concrete evidence of a massacre, the people of India still stand reluctant to admit any foul play had occurred. They blame the tragedy on others, blaming their foreign affluence and ignoring the searing issue within their own country. At present, this can still be exemplified in Indian culture. Regions of India stands in shambles, but the government will blame foreign powers like America or Pakistan for ruining their economy and facilitating them to suffer poverty. It prevails as an issue the country has to fight against, to constitute any improvement they must swallow their pride.
“Walk quickly, out of this wrong place, this underworld. -God: no escape. Here’s a shop-front, a store selling musical instruments, trumpets saxophones oboes, what’s the name? - Fair Winds, and here in the window is a cheaply printed handbill. Announcing the imminent return of, that’s right, the Archangel Gibreel. His return and the salvation of the earth. Walk. Walk away fast” (Rushdie 418).
Gibreel meandered deliriously across London for a number of days, growing increasingly more deranged as time flowed past. This gradual but complete squandering of his reasoning and attributes he was once much admired for, provokes much commiseration for the state he remained entrenched in. Blabbering on about his heavenly disposition, he became incapable of deciphering between the factual and the fictitious, scarcely comprehending what torments him. It envokes feelings of anguished helplessness, as it’s impossible to do anything but uneasily gaze upon his glorious downfall. Was his bizarre behavior simply that, the result of a mind wracked by mental illness, or an actual tangible etherealness like he believes? Gibreel’s conduct remained notoriously hard to understand, the question of whether he suffered from delusions or divinity not yielding any direct answer. A man transfigured into a genuine seraph, plagued by intrusions into other’s dreams and forced to advise Mahound, Gibreel proves unable of escaping the treacheries of his own mind.
The Black Dahlia by James Ellroy // October 29th, 2,019
“My first blow sheared off the sailor’s skull, my second tore into the front of his tunic, pulling the torso free from the rest of the skeleton. The legs were in crumbled pieces; I shoveled past them into lain sand glinting with mica. Then it was maggot nests and entrails and a blood-mattered crinoline dress and sand and odd bones and nothing-and then it was sunburned pink skin and blond eyebrows covered with stitch scars that looked familiar. Then Lee was smiling like the Dahlia, with worms creeping out of his mouth and the holes where his eyes used to be” (Ellroy 226).
The first skeleton Bucky dug up wasn't that of Lee's, but someone else. It was decayed and easily broken apart, and Lee had only been buried recently. The amount of human remains in the vicinity I shows that it's a common burying ground at the beach. He had to dig deep down into the sand to find his body, indicating that someone didn't want him to be easily found. The sight of pink skin and sutures eyebrows gave way to the fact that it was indeed Lee's corpse, as they are distinctive facial characteristics in him. Lee's smile being compared to the Dahlia's means that someone had crudely cut his smile it ear to ear, and must have known his connection to the Dahlia. It was a way to mock his death and obsession with her before his death. The imagery of worms coming out of his eyes and mouth are representative that his death was very, very real and it brought him back to reality, that it wasn't just some sort of fever dream he was having regarding his murder. He was defaced in death and in life.
“Lee kicked his chair over and shouted: ‘Who gives a fuck if he didn’t kill her! I’ve sent Boy scouts to the green room for less than that! So if you won’t do something about it, I will!’ Everyone sat there, shock-stilled. Lee stood in front of the screen, blinking from the hot white light in his eyes. He wheeled and ripped the obscenity down; the screen and tripod hit the floor with a crash” (Ellroy 147).
The Dahlia case had thrown Lee over the edge, namely the sex film involving her. He had already been stressed out over it, and it affected him adversely. He was obsessed with the case, mocking the Dahlia up to his snuffed kid sister. Prior to this, he was working day and night on the case, juiced on Benzedrine to get him through it all. His mind was plagued with a muddled mixing of the Dahlia into his sister, driving him insane. The obscenities and injustice he had observed during the film made him furious and he took it out on the people and environment around him. He felt the need to do something about it, to find either the person who made the tape or her killer. It drove him mad enough to make him run away to Mexico looking for the man who made the film, an event that would eventually lead to his demise. These are things he would never do under normal circumstances. There was no foresight in his actions, he couldn't see past the Dahlia.
“On the plane I thought of all the things I’d have to explain to Kay, evidence of a new foundation of lies from destroying the two-or three-of us. She would have to know that I was a detective without a badge, that for one month in the year 1949 I possessed brilliance and courage and the will to make sacrifices. She would have to know that the heat of that time would make me vulnerable, prey to dark curiosities. She would have to believe that my strongest resolve was not to let any of it hurt her. And she had to know that it was Elizabeth Short who was giving us our second chance” (Ellroy 325).
Throughout the book, the triangle between the two cops and Kay is a key part of the story. The Dahlia broke them apart and brought them together, a harmonious, necessary evil. She was the indirect glue of their relationship. Their relationship had been built on lies but they still loved each other unconditionally. Bucky channeled the brutality and injustice of her death into working tirelessly to find anything on her case, just as Lee did before him. This is illustrated by the sacrifices he made, losing his relationship, his job, and his home just to put it to rest. His determination l was spurred on partly by Lee's obsession with her prior, on account of his own personal experiences. With Lee's death, he wanted to find her killer for him. Without her death, he never would have developed as much as he did. The passage overall portrays the suffering and determination required to finally bring forth the truth and unearth injustice. In the end, all he cared for was her wellbeing and safety.
“On foot, the squalor was worse. The kiddie beggars got right up in your face, jabbering, shoving crucifixes at you. Fritzie swatted and kicked them away, but their hunger-ridden faces got to me, so I changed a fiver into pesos and tossed handfuls of coins into the gutter whenever they converged. It spawned scratching, biting and gouging free-for-alls, but it was better than looking into sunken eyes and seeing nada” (Ellroy 159).
This passage illustrates the poverty and desperation of the people around them. It was nothing but filth and poor, hungry children with nothing going for them. Fritzie kicking the child beggars away is symbolic of how people then and now often turn a blind eye to what is going on around them, especially when it’s something as deplorable as this. Bleichert took pity on them, however, throwing coins out onto the street thinking that it would help them any. The children had no consideration for any of the others, biting and scratching each other mercilessly, desperately trying to get a peso for something to eat. Their state was so pitiful that they paid no mind to the others around them, and were only trying to assure their own survival. Such extreme poverty and reprehensible living conditions still prevail today, only making themselves apparent when people decide to look.
“The cuts went all the way down to the bone, but the worst of the worst was the girl’s face. It was one huge purpled bruise, the nose crushed deep into the facial cavity, the mouth cut ear to ear into a smile that leered up at you, somehow mocking the rest of the brutality inflicted. I knew I would carry that smile with me to the grave” (Ellroy 69).
The way the Dahlia is described really draws a wicked image of her mutilated face. The grotesque nature of it is not sugar coated, perhaps over emphasized, direct. It is hard itself to imagine, the idea of savagely crushing bones and deeply cut wounds, in a way mocking the rest of her brutality inflicted onto her, is enough to cause a visceral reaction of disgust. Her face gives way to thoughts of how her life was, who and why did it to her, and why did they hate her so much as to mercilessly deface her, spread eagle for all onlookers who would like to see? Horrifying murders shown on the news reflect her disfigurement, people burning with enough hate inside them to want to completely destroy a person, inside and out.
Freak the Mighty by Rodman Philbrick // Fri., January 6th, 2,017 “Life is so much brighter when we focus on what truly matters” is a quote that relates to the story of Max and Kevin. It reminds me of their story because when Max focuses on the good things in his life, like his grandparents and his best friend Kevin,he begins to realize that they are what truly matters to him, and he is much happier. Freak the Mighty, a novel,published in 1992,by Rodman Philbrick,speaks of friendship. Although the movie and the book are similar,there are differences. The movie is set at a much faster pace than I expects it to be. Comparing it to the movie,the book has a darker tone. You were continuously on the sge of your seat while reading Freak the Mighty because the author would often give you little hints and flashbacks to what happens in Max’s childhood. When he does this,it clues the reader into just how dangerous the antagonist,Killer Kane,is and what is at stake. Furthermore, the book is written in such a way that it made you speculate what is coming next and how it would happen,which made it near impossible to put the book down. The point of view in the original book is relatively normal when you compare it to other young adult books. Freak the Mighty is written in the narrator,Max’s eyes. Such evidence has made me conclude that this story is written in first person. When looking at the conclusion of Freak the Mighty, you can infer the ending of the book is not going to end on a sweet note. As you are reading the book, you read about Kevin’s Morquoi syndrome and Killer Kane’s multiple criminal offenses, it is not easy to be optimistic. The Mighty, the movie,is released in theaters in 1998. This is the story of Max and Kevin. The tone in the movie is noticeably lighter than it is in the book. I assume that they had to make it that way to appeal to younger audiences. Unlike the book,the movie has a much more faster pace.as an attempt to cram all that happens in the book into a hour and a half movie. It almost feels like they rushed it. I say this because the movie mostly ignore the smaller,more sentimental parts and they also made it less action packs by filing down the more brutal scenes, like Killer Kane choking Loretta. The point of view for both the movie and the book did not differ as much as I thought they would. They were both from Max’s point of view, which I found interesting. It would have been interesting to see a few parts,or even the whole movie, from Kevin’s eyes. Since Kevin is so observant and smart, it makes you wonder what he would be thinking and how he would react to different situations. Now on to the conclusion of The Mighty, it did not differ much from the ending of Freak the Mighty, however there are subtle differences. The falling action in the movie where Kevin dies, is much more shallow than it is in the book. There is no action building up towards Kevin’s death,he just passes one morning unlike what happens in the book. Gwen tells Max that his heart just got too big for his body as the ambulance is there to take Kevin’s body away. I infer that the movie is focusing on the grief and agony Max felt,as Max runs to the biological research center to say his final goodbyes to Freak, as he ends up in the hospital laundry mat and breaks down, presumably because of the fact that he can not deal with the fact that Kevin is dead. It takes Max some time to recover after this traumatizing experience,which is understandable,since Kevin is his best friend. Max then remembers the empty book that he receives from Kevin,who informs him to fill it with Freak the Mighty’s adventures. I like the book better than the movie. I prefer the book because it went much more in depth with the characters thoughts,emotions,and doings,while the movie did not.
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